The month of August is uniquely represented by two distinct and captivating gemstones: peridot and spinel. While peridot has a longer, more established history as the traditional birthstone, spinel was officially added as a modern alternative, offering a wider palette of color and value for those born in this summer month. Together, they provide a rich selection for jewelry enthusiasts, from the classic olive-green of peridot to the vibrant reds and blues of spinel. This guide delves into the history, properties, symbolism, and practical considerations for selecting and caring for these remarkable August birthstones.
Peridot, with its distinctive lime-green hue, is most commonly associated with August. It is a gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, prized for its color and clarity. Spinel, on the other hand, is a magnesium aluminum oxide that occurs in a breathtaking array of colors, including the coveted "ruby" red that has often been mistaken for the more famous gem. Understanding the unique attributes of each stone is key to appreciating their role as August's birthstones.
This article will explore the rich history and lore behind both peridot and spinel, examine their geological origins, detail their gemological properties, and provide essential guidance on their care. By the end, readers will possess the knowledge to confidently select and cherish a piece of jewelry that resonates with the spirit of August.
History and Lore
The history of peridot stretches back thousands of years, with its use documented in ancient civilizations. Often called the "gem of the sun," peridot was believed by the ancient Egyptians to have been a favorite of Cleopatra. It was not only used for ornamental jewelry but was also highly valued for its perceived protective powers against evil spirits and nightmares. The island of Zabargad in the Red Sea was the primary source of peridot for over 3,500 years, and gems from this location can be found in the treasures of major museums and religious artifacts, including the Cologne Cathedral's reliquary.
Peridot's journey to becoming a modern birthstone is part of a long tradition. The concept of birthstones is believed to have originated from the Breastplate of Aaron, a religious garment described in the Old Testament that was set with twelve different gemstones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This tradition evolved over centuries, and in 1912, the American National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) standardized a list of birthstones, which included peridot for August. This list has been updated over time, but peridot has remained a constant.
In contrast, spinel's history is one of mistaken identity and rediscovery. For centuries, large red spinels from Central Asia were misidentified as rubies. The most famous of these is the "Black Prince's Ruby," a 170-carat red spinel that is part of the British Crown Jewels. It was only in the late 18th century that spinel was recognized as a distinct mineral species. Despite its long history of being confused with ruby, spinel has recently gained recognition in its own right. Its official addition as a modern August birthstone in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) provides a vibrant alternative for those born in the month, celebrating its unique beauty and durability.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is unique among gemstones as it is found not only in the Earth's crust but also in meteorites that have fallen to our planet. It forms deep within the Earth's mantle and is brought to the surface through tectonic activity and volcanic eruptions. The primary commercial sources of peridot today include Pakistan, which is renowned for producing large, high-quality crystals, as well as the United States (Arizona), China, Myanmar, and Brazil. The gem's characteristic olive-green color is due to the presence of iron within its chemical structure.
Spinel forms under similar geological conditions, typically in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. It is often found in the same regions as ruby and sapphire, leading to its historical confusion. Major sources for spinel include Myanmar (Burma), which is famous for its vibrant red "ruby" spinels, as well as Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Thailand, and Tanzania. The gem's color variety is a result of trace elements like chromium (for red), iron (for blue and green), and cobalt (for vivid blues).
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of a stone is crucial for both jewelers and buyers, as these characteristics determine its durability, appearance, and value. Peridot and spinel, while both birthstones, possess distinct physical and optical properties.
Peridot is a relatively hard and durable gemstone, making it suitable for various types of jewelry. It ranks 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, which means it is resistant to scratching but can be damaged by substances harder than it. Its chemical composition is (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, and its refractive index ranges from 1.64 to 1.69. Peridot is known for its "double refraction" property, where a single ray of light entering the stone is split into two rays, a characteristic that can help gemologists identify it.
Spinel is a harder and more durable gemstone, ranking 8 on the Mohs scale, second only to diamond and corundum (ruby and sapphire) in hardness among popular gemstones. Its chemical formula is MgAl₂O₄. Spinel has a refractive index of 1.718 and does not exhibit pleochroism (the display of different colors when viewed from different angles), which distinguishes it from many other colored stones. Its exceptional hardness makes it an excellent choice for rings and other jewelry that may be subject to daily wear.
| Property | Peridot | Spinel |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ | MgAl₂O₄ |
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 - 7 | 8 |
| Refractive Index | 1.64 - 1.69 | 1.718 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic | Cubic |
| Primary Colors | Olive-green | Red, Blue, Pink, Purple, Black, White |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, both peridot and spinel have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical powers. These beliefs add a layer of personal significance to jewelry pieces, making them more than just decorative accessories.
Peridot is widely associated with strength, courage, and prosperity. Its connection to the sun has imbued it with symbolism related to vitality, growth, and renewal. In ancient times, it was believed to ward off evil spirits and bring peace and good fortune to its wearer. Modern metaphysical beliefs suggest that peridot can help alleviate stress, anger, and guilt, promoting openness and receptivity. It is often called the "stone of compassion" and is thought to have a calming effect on the emotions.
Spinel, with its vast range of colors, carries a diverse set of symbolic meanings. Red spinel, in particular, is associated with revitalizing energy and passion, much like its ruby counterpart. It is believed to renew one's energy and overcome lethargy. Blue spinel is linked to calmness and clear communication, while pink spinel is associated with love and emotional healing. Overall, spinel is seen as a stone of hope and rejuvenation, inspiring a positive and optimistic outlook on life. It is said to help its wearer let go of past traumas and move forward with renewed purpose.
Selecting and Styling August Birthstone Jewelry
When choosing a piece of August birthstone jewelry, there are several factors to consider, including personal style, lifestyle, and budget. Both peridot and spinel offer a wide range of options, from simple, elegant pieces to more elaborate and bold designs.
For those who prefer the classic green of peridot, it pairs beautifully with various metals. The warm yellow gold enhances its olive tones, creating a vintage and luxurious look. In contrast, white gold and platinum provide a cool, modern backdrop that accentuates the stone's brighter, lime-green facets. Sterling silver is also a popular and affordable choice. Peridot's vibrant color makes it a statement piece, often set in solitaire rings, delicate pendants, or clustered earrings. As mentioned in the provided materials, a peridot pendant can "accentuate any outfit," while pear-shaped earrings evoke "juicy summertime fruits."
Spinel offers more versatility in color choice. A deep red spinel can be a stunning and more affordable alternative to a ruby, set in a classic engagement ring or a cocktail ring. Blue spinel provides a sophisticated and durable option for everyday wear, often used in men's and women's signet rings or tennis bracelets. Pink and lavender spinels are popular in more contemporary and feminine designs. Because of its high hardness, spinel is an excellent choice for rings that are worn daily, as it is less prone to scratches and abrasions.
When styling, both stones can be dressed up or down. A simple peridot solitaire can be a perfect everyday accessory, while a multi-stone spinel ring can be the centerpiece of a formal ensemble. The key is to let the stone's natural beauty shine. For a cohesive look, consider purchasing a matching set, which may include a ring, necklace, and earrings.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the brilliance and longevity of any gemstone jewelry. While both peridot and spinel are relatively durable, they have different sensitivities that should be considered.
Peridot, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7, is moderately durable but can be susceptible to scratches and damage from sharp blows. It is also sensitive to rapid temperature changes, which can cause fracturing. To clean peridot jewelry, use warm water, a mild dish soap, and a soft brush (like a baby toothbrush). Gently scrub the stone and its setting, then rinse thoroughly and pat dry with a soft, lint-free cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as the vibrations can damage the stone. It is also crucial to remove peridot jewelry before using harsh household chemicals, swimming in chlorinated pools, or applying lotions and perfumes, as these can dull the stone's surface over time.
Spinel is significantly harder and more durable, ranking 8 on the Mohs scale. This makes it less prone to scratching and more suitable for daily-wear jewelry. Cleaning spinel is straightforward; it can be safely cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. It is generally stable when exposed to light and heat and is resistant to most chemicals. However, it is still best practice to store spinel jewelry separately from other pieces to prevent any potential scratching of softer stones or metals. While spinel is robust, avoiding extreme physical impact is always wise to protect the integrity of the setting.
For both stones, proper storage is key. When not being worn, store jewelry in a soft-lined box or a separate pouch to prevent it from being scratched by other, harder gemstones like diamonds or sapphires.
Conclusion
The August birthstones, peridot and spinel, offer a compelling combination of history, beauty, and durability. Peridot, with its ancient lineage and vibrant green color, symbolizes strength and vitality. Spinel, a more recent addition to the birthstone family, dazzles with its array of colors and exceptional hardness, representing hope and renewal. Whether one is drawn to the classic allure of peridot or the versatile brilliance of spinel, both gemstones provide a meaningful and beautiful connection to the month of August. By understanding their unique properties and caring for them properly, owners of August birthstone jewelry can ensure their cherished pieces remain radiant for generations to come.