The month of December is uniquely represented not by a single gemstone, but by a trio of distinct and captivating minerals: Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, and Turquoise. Each possesses a unique character, from the serene azure of topaz to the vibrant violet-blue of tanzanite and the ancient, earthy tones of turquoise. When set in the warm, classic glow of yellow gold, these stones create jewelry that is both timeless and deeply personal. This article explores the properties, lore, and craftsmanship behind these celebrated December birthstones, focusing on their significance in contemporary jewelry design.
History and Lore of December’s Gems
The modern list of birthstones, which standardized these associations in 1912, assigns three options to December, reflecting a blend of ancient tradition and modern discovery. Each stone carries a rich tapestry of symbolism and historical use.
Blue Topaz is a stone of communication, wisdom, and serenity. Its name is derived from the Sanskrit word tapas, meaning "fire," which was also associated with the island of Topazios in the Red Sea. Historically, blue topaz was believed to possess cooling properties and was thought to dispel enchantment and madness. In the sources provided, Blue Topaz is explicitly linked to these calming attributes, representing communication and wisdom. This aligns with its traditional lore as a stone that promotes clear thinking and peaceful expression.
Tanzanite is the most recent addition to the December birthstone family, a relative newcomer to the gemological world. Discovered in the late 1960s near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, this gem is celebrated for its unique violet-blue hue, which can range from a pale lavender to a deep, saturated blue. The sources describe it as a rare violet-blue gemstone known for spiritual growth and transformation. Its rapid rise to prominence is a testament to its exceptional beauty and the powerful marketing campaign by Tiffany & Co., which recognized its potential and named it after its country of origin.
Turquoise stands as one of the oldest gemstones used in jewelry, with a history spanning millennia. Revered by ancient Egyptian, Persian, and Native American cultures, turquoise has long symbolized protection, good fortune, and connection to the earth. Its name comes from the French pierre turquoise, meaning "Turkish stone," as it was brought to Europe from Persia via Turkey. The sources highlight its ancient legacy, noting its enduring symbolism of protection and good fortune. This deep cultural resonance makes it a powerful choice for those seeking a connection to history and tradition.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the origins of these gems adds a layer of appreciation to their beauty, as each forms under distinct geological conditions.
Blue Topaz is a variety of the mineral topaz, which is a silicate mineral of aluminum and fluorine. Natural blue topaz is quite rare; the vivid blue stones commonly found in jewelry today are typically the result of treating colorless or pale yellow topaz with irradiation and heat. The sources do not specify the treatment process, but they do emphasize the use of natural, ethically sourced gemstones chosen for their color vibrancy, clarity, and quality. This indicates a focus on sourcing high-quality material, whether naturally occurring or treated, that meets strict aesthetic standards.
Tanzanite is found in only one location on Earth: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. This extreme rarity contributes to its value and allure. The gem is a variety of the mineral zoisite, and its signature violet-blue color is the result of heat treatment, which transforms naturally occurring brownish zoisite into the desirable blue-violet hue. The sources describe it as a rare violet-blue gemstone, underscoring its singular geographic origin.
Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum. It forms in arid regions where acidic water percolates through rocks containing these minerals. The color is primarily determined by the presence of copper (blue) and iron (green). Turquoise deposits are found in many parts of the world, including Iran (historically the most prized source), the southwestern United States, China, and Mexico. The sources note its status as one of the oldest gemstones used in jewelry, a testament to its widespread availability and cultural significance throughout human history.
Gemological Properties
The physical and chemical properties of these gems determine their durability, care requirements, and suitability for jewelry. The following table summarizes key characteristics for each December birthstone.
| Gemstone | Mineral Family | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs Scale) | Typical Treatments | Key Color Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Silicate (Topaz) | Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂ | 8 | Irradiation & Heat | Vivid blue, ranging from sky blue to deep Swiss blue |
| Tanzanite | Silicate (Zoisite) | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | 6.5 - 7 | Heat | Violet-blue, trichroic (shows blue, violet, and burgundy) |
| Turquoise | Phosphate | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | 5 - 6 | Stabilization (common) | Opaque blue to green, often with a matrix (veining) |
Blue Topaz is exceptionally hard, scoring an 8 on the Mohs scale. This makes it very resistant to scratching and suitable for everyday wear in rings and bracelets. Its hardness, combined with its often-clarity, allows for brilliant faceted cuts that maximize light return.
Tanzanite has a moderate hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it more susceptible to scratching than topaz. It is also more brittle and can be prone to chipping if struck with force. For this reason, it is often set in protective settings like bezels, especially for rings. The sources highlight the importance of secure settings, noting that stones are "hand-cut, securely set, and polished to highlight its brilliance."
Turquoise is the softest of the three, with a hardness of 5 to 6. It is also porous and often contains natural fractures, which can affect its durability. To enhance its stability and color, most turquoise on the market is stabilized—a process where the stone is impregnated with a clear resin or wax. The sources do not specify this treatment, but they emphasize the use of "natural, ethically sourced gemstones," which may imply a preference for untreated or minimally processed material. Its opaque nature lends itself well to cabochon cuts (smooth, rounded domes) rather than faceted cuts.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their physical beauty, each December stone carries a wealth of symbolic meaning and metaphysical beliefs, which are often cited by wearers seeking more than just aesthetic value.
As noted in the sources, Blue Topaz is associated with "communication, wisdom, and serenity." In crystal healing traditions, it is believed to calm the mind, alleviate stress, and enhance clear, honest expression. It is often used as a talisman for public speakers, writers, and anyone seeking to improve their communication skills.
Tanzanite, described as being "known for spiritual growth and transformation," is considered a stone of awakening. Its intense color is said to activate the higher chakras, promoting intuition, psychic abilities, and a connection to one's higher self. It is often recommended for those undergoing significant life changes or seeking deeper spiritual understanding.
Turquoise carries the most ancient symbolism, representing "protection and good fortune." It has been worn as an amulet against evil and physical harm for centuries. In many cultures, it is believed to attract prosperity, luck, and peace. Its connection to the earth makes it a grounding stone, promoting emotional balance and stability.
Craftsmanship and Certification in Modern Jewelry
The sources provided focus heavily on the craftsmanship and assurance of quality in contemporary December birthstone rings, particularly those set in yellow gold. This reflects a modern consumer's desire for authenticity and lasting value.
A key aspect highlighted is the certification process. The sources state that every December birthstone ring comes with a "Gemological Lab Certificate, confirming the gemstone’s authenticity and grading." This is a critical practice in the jewelry industry, providing the buyer with an independent verification of the stone's identity, quality, and any treatments it has undergone. Alongside the certificate, a visible gold purity stamp (e.g., 14k or 18k) and a detailed invoice are provided, ensuring full transparency.
The craftsmanship is described as artisanal. Rings are "individually handcrafted by master artisans, with care poured into every detail." This approach contrasts with mass-produced jewelry, offering a unique, personal touch. The use of "100% solid 14k & 18k gold" is emphasized, with a clear distinction from plated or filled metals. This ensures durability, hypoallergenic properties, and long-term value, as solid gold does not wear away over time.
The setting of the stones is also given importance. The sources mention that each stone is "hand-cut, securely set, and polished to highlight its brilliance and uniqueness." This is particularly crucial for softer stones like turquoise and tanzanite, where secure settings are essential to prevent damage. The availability of custom orders allows buyers to select their preferred gemstone, gold tone (yellow, white, or rose), and setting design, creating a truly personalized piece.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and integrity of any gemstone jewelry. The gemological properties directly inform the best practices for cleaning and storage.
For Blue Topaz (Hardness 8): Due to its high hardness and lack of cleavage, blue topaz is relatively easy to care for. It can be cleaned with warm water, a mild soap, and a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe, but steam cleaning is not recommended if the stone has been treated or has inclusions. Store it separately from other jewelry to prevent scratching, though it is less likely to be scratched by other gems.
For Tanzanite (Hardness 6.5-7): Tanzanite requires more caution. It should be cleaned only with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam, as the vibrations and heat can cause fractures in the stone. It is best stored in a soft-lined box or pouch, away from harder gems like diamonds or sapphires that could scratch it.
For Turquoise (Hardness 5-6): As the softest and most porous of the three, turquoise demands the gentlest care. It should be wiped clean with a soft, dry cloth. Avoid chemicals, including household cleaners, perfumes, and lotions, as they can penetrate the stone and cause discoloration or damage to the stabilization material. Do not use ultrasonic or steam cleaners. Store it separately to avoid scratches and impacts.
Conclusion
The December birthstones—Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, and Turquoise—offer a remarkable spectrum of color, history, and meaning. From the communicative serenity of topaz and the transformative rarity of tanzanite to the ancient protective power of turquoise, each stone provides a unique narrative. When set in the enduring warmth of yellow gold and crafted with artisanal skill and certified authenticity, these gems become more than mere adornments; they are personal talismans and heirlooms. Understanding their geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance allows enthusiasts and buyers to make informed choices, appreciating the full value and beauty of these celebrated gems of December.