The concept of a birthstone for December has evolved significantly over time, moving from ancient religious texts to modern lists established by trade organizations. While historical traditions varied, the contemporary market recognizes a trio of principal gemstones for the final month of the year: Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, and Turquoise. These stones are celebrated for their distinct calming hues and are frequently featured in eternity ring designs, which symbolize unending love and commitment through a continuous circle of gemstones.
An eternity ring set with December birthstones offers a unique blend of aesthetic beauty and symbolic meaning. Whether featuring the serene blue of Topaz, the violet-blue allure of Tanzanite, or the historic protective qualities of Turquoise, these rings are crafted to be both personal talismans and sophisticated jewelry pieces. This article explores the characteristics, history, and gemological properties of these three stones, alongside the craftsmanship involved in creating certified, high-quality eternity rings.
History, Types, and Cultural Significance
The history of the December birthstone is a tapestry woven from ancient lore and modern commerce. While the modern birthstone list is a relatively recent standardization, the stones themselves have been prized for millennia.
Turquoise: The Ancient Talisman
Of the three primary December stones, Turquoise possesses the deepest historical roots. It is described as one of the oldest gemstones ever used in jewelry, with a legacy stretching back thousands of years. Culturally, Turquoise has been revered not merely for its aesthetic appeal but for its perceived metaphysical properties. It is traditionally symbolized as a stone of protection and good fortune. Ancient civilizations believed it could ward off negative energy and bring luck to the wearer, making it a staple in amulets and royal jewelry.
Blue Topaz: The Stone of Clarity
Blue Topaz represents the intellectual and communicative aspects of the December birthstones. It is associated with communication, wisdom, and serenity. While Topaz occurs in a variety of colors naturally, the blue variety has become synonymous with December due to its soothing sky-blue to deep Swiss blue hues. Its lore centers on the ability to calm the mind and facilitate clear expression, making it a popular choice for those seeking mental clarity and peace.
Tanzanite: The Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December family, having been commercially discovered in the 20th century. It is a gemstone of spiritual growth and transformation. Found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, this violet-blue stone exhibits a trichroic nature, showing blue, violet, and reddish tones depending on the viewing angle. Its rarity and unique color range have quickly cemented its status as a stone of luxury and inner strength, appealing to those drawn to its vibrant glow and contemporary symbolism.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the origins of these gemstones highlights their rarity and the specific geological conditions required to create them.
Turquoise Formation and Sources
Turquoise is an opaque mineral composed of copper and aluminum phosphate. It forms when acidic, copper-rich water seeps through aluminum-bearing rocks, depositing the minerals in cracks and voids. This process results in the distinctive blue-to-green coloration, dependent on the copper and iron content. While specific mining locations are not detailed in the provided materials, Turquoise is historically associated with regions such as the Southwestern United States, Iran, and Tibet. It is valued for its matrix patterns and unique color variations.
Blue Topaz Formation and Sources
Topaz is a silicate mineral containing fluorine and aluminum. It forms in igneous rocks, particularly in pegmatites and vapor-rich cavities in rhyolites. Natural blue Topaz is relatively rare; much of the commercial blue Topaz on the market is achieved through irradiation and heat treatment of colorless Topaz. The provided materials emphasize that the Blue Topaz used in high-quality jewelry is natural and ethically sourced, ensuring the gemstone's integrity.
Tanzanite Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite. Its formation is unique and localized. It is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. The gemstone's distinct violet-blue color is the result of heat treatment applied to brownish zoisite crystals, a process that mimics the natural geological heat that occurred millions of years ago. This geographic exclusivity makes Tanzanite thousands of times rarer than Diamond, contributing to its high value and allure.
Gemological Properties
When selecting a December birthstone eternity ring, understanding the gemological properties is crucial for both beauty and durability. The following table summarizes the key characteristics of the three stones.
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs Scale) | Crystal System | Transparency | Key Color Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂ | 8 | Orthorhombic | Transparent to Translucent | Pale blue to deep sky blue; often treated for intensity. |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | 6.5 - 7 | Orthorhombic | Transparent | Trichroic: blue, violet, and reddish hues. |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | 5 - 6 | Triclinic | Opaque (Translucent rare) | Sky blue to greenish blue; often contains a matrix. |
Hardness and Durability
Blue Topaz is the hardest of the trio at 8 on the Mohs scale, making it highly resistant to scratching and suitable for daily wear in rings. However, it does possess perfect cleavage in one direction, meaning it can split if struck with force.
Tanzanite ranges from 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. While reasonably durable, it is softer than Topaz and requires slightly more care to avoid surface scratches. Like Topaz, it has perfect cleavage, making it vulnerable to sharp impacts.
Turquoise is the softest of the three, with a hardness of 5 to 6. As an opaque stone, it is often used in cabochon cuts (smooth, rounded domes) rather than faceted cuts. It is porous and can be susceptible to chemicals, heat, and even body oils, which can alter its color over time if not properly maintained.
Cuts and Clarity
In eternity rings, these stones are cut to maximize light return and color saturation. * Blue Topaz and Tanzanite are typically faceted. The provided sources mention Asscher cut cubic zirconia (CZ) in one design, suggesting that step-cuts or geometric facets are popular for modern December rings. Faceting enhances the transparency and brilliance of these transparent stones. * Turquoise is almost exclusively cut as a cabochon to highlight its rich, opaque color and unique matrix patterns.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their physical beauty, December birthstones are deeply imbued with symbolic meaning, making eternity rings set with them powerful personal statements.
- Communication and Wisdom (Blue Topaz): Blue Topaz is believed to aid in clear communication and the articulation of thoughts. It is associated with the throat chakra and is thought to promote tranquility, reducing stress and anxiety. For individuals seeking to enhance their personal or professional relationships, a Blue Topaz ring serves as a symbol of honesty and understanding.
- Spiritual Growth and Transformation (Tanzanite): As a relatively new stone, Tanzanite has quickly acquired a reputation for facilitating spiritual awakening. It is associated with the crown and throat chakras, believed to bridge higher spiritual energies with earthly manifestation. It is often recommended for those undergoing significant life changes, serving as a talisman for inner strength and vision.
- Protection and Good Fortune (Turquoise): The lore surrounding Turquoise is ancient and robust. It is widely regarded as a master healer and a protector against negative forces. Historically, warriors wore Turquoise amulets for protection in battle, and it remains a popular charm for travelers. It symbolizes good fortune and the preservation of wealth and well-being.
Craftsmanship and Quality Certification
The value of a December birthstone eternity ring is determined not only by the gemstone but also by the quality of the metalwork and the assurance of authenticity.
Metal Quality
Reputable jewelers craft these rings using 100% solid 14k and 18k gold, available in yellow, white, and rose variations. The sources emphasize that these rings are never plated or filled, ensuring lasting shine, structural integrity, and hypoallergenic comfort for the wearer. The choice of metal can complement the specific hue of the gemstone—yellow gold enhances the warmth of Turquoise, while white gold creates a striking contrast with the cool blues of Topaz and Tanzanite.
Artisan Craftsmanship
High-end December rings are often individually handcrafted by master artisans. This process involves meticulous attention to detail, from the precise setting of each gemstone to the final polishing. In eternity rings, where stones are set continuously around the band, the setting must be secure yet allow maximum light exposure to the gems. Techniques such as channel setting or shared-prong setting are employed to create a seamless flow of brilliance.
Certifications and Guarantees
To ensure consumers are making a confident investment, quality jewelers provide comprehensive certifications. A typical package for a high-value December birthstone ring includes: * Gemological Lab Certificate: This document confirms the authenticity of the gemstone (Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, or Turquoise) and may provide details on its grading and treatments. * Gold Purity Stamp: A visible stamp verifying the gold karat (e.g., 14k or 585). * Detailed Invoice and Paperwork: Ensuring transparency regarding the purchase.
These certifications are vital, particularly for stones like Tanzanite and treated Topaz, where verification of origin and treatment status is standard practice in professional gemology.
Care and Cleaning
Proper maintenance is essential to preserve the beauty and longevity of a December birthstone eternity ring. The care regimen varies significantly based on the gemstone's hardness and chemical stability.
Caring for Blue Topaz
Due to its hardness of 8 and cleavage properties, Blue Topaz is relatively durable but should be protected from hard knocks. It can be safely cleaned using warm water, a mild soap, and a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for untreated Topaz, but caution is advised if the stone has been fracture-filled (though high-quality commercial Blue Topaz is usually transparent and clean). Steam cleaning is not recommended.
Caring for Tanzanite
With a hardness of 6.5 to 7 and perfect cleavage, Tanzanite requires gentle handling. It is best cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners, as the vibrations and heat can cause internal fractures or exacerbate existing cleavage planes. Store Tanzanite jewelry separately to prevent scratching by harder stones.
Caring for Turquoise
Turquoise is the most delicate of the three. It is a porous stone that can absorb liquids and chemicals, leading to discoloration. It should never be exposed to perfumes, lotions, hairspray, or harsh detergents. Cleaning should be done with a soft, dry cloth; avoid water if possible, as it can weaken the stone over time or alter the color of treated stones. Turquoise should be kept away from heat and direct sunlight for prolonged periods.
Conclusion
The December birthstone eternity ring is a convergence of history, science, and artistry. Whether chosen for its symbolic significance—ranging from the protective powers of Turquoise to the transformative energy of Tanzanite—or for its visual appeal, it represents a meaningful addition to any jewelry collection. The versatility of the December stones allows for a wide range of designs, from the bohemian flair of Turquoise to the sophisticated geometry of faceted Blue Topaz and Tanzanite.
When purchasing such a ring, the discerning buyer looks beyond the surface beauty to the quality of the materials and the integrity of the craftsmanship. With proper care and the assurance of gemological certification, a December birthstone ring is not merely an accessory but a lasting heirloom, embodying the clarity, peace, and positive energy associated with these remarkable gems.