For those born on June 18th, the birthstone is Alexandrite, a gemstone celebrated not merely for its beauty but for its extraordinary ability to transform under different lighting conditions. This captivating stone, shifting from green in daylight to red in incandescent light, embodies themes of duality and change. It stands as one of the most valued and mystical gemstones in the world, sharing the month of June with the classic pearl and the ethereal moonstone. While the month as a whole offers a trio of gems, Alexandrite holds a unique place as a modern birthstone addition, particularly significant for those born under the sign of Gemini. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of Alexandrite, detailing its historical origins, geological formation, gemological properties, and the profound symbolism it carries.
A Trio of Gems: The Official June Birthstones
The month of June is unique in the birthstone calendar, boasting three officially recognized gems: pearl, moonstone, and Alexandrite. This diversity offers a range of choices, each with distinct visual characteristics and cultural meanings. The pearl, the oldest traditional option, is prized for its natural luster and association with purity and wisdom. The moonstone, with its mesmerizing adularescence, represents emotional balance and a connection to lunar energy. Alexandrite, a more modern addition, captures the imagination with its dramatic color change.
While all three are valid birthstones for June, Alexandrite is specifically the designated gemstone for June 18th. This association highlights its symbolism of transformation and adaptability, making it a deeply personal stone for those born on this date. The choice among these gems often depends on personal preference, with Alexandrite appealing to those who seek a stone that reflects the dynamic and ever-changing nature of life.
History and Lore: A Gem Born of Imperial Russia
Alexandrite’s history is as dramatic as its color change. The gemstone was discovered in the Russian Empire in 1830, a date that marks its entry into the world of precious stones. Its discovery coincided with the ascension of Tsar Alexander II to the throne, and the stone was subsequently named in his honor. This historical connection to Russian royalty immediately elevated its status and imbued it with a sense of imperial grandeur.
The initial discovery occurred in the Ural Mountains, a region known for its rich mineral deposits. From its inception, Alexandrite was revered for its unique property. Legend holds that the stone was first observed by Finnish mineralogist Nils Gustaf Nordenskiöld in the emerald mines of the Ural Mountains. He initially mistook the green crystals for emeralds, but upon viewing them under candlelight, he noticed a distinct reddish hue. This duality of color, mirroring the old imperial colors of Russia—red and green—cemented its legendary status.
Beyond its Russian origins, Alexandrite has been imbued with deep symbolic meaning throughout history. It is often associated with good fortune and prosperity, a belief that stems from its initial discovery and subsequent rise in popularity among the Russian aristocracy. The stone’s ability to change color was seen as a metaphor for life’s duality and the balance between joy and sorrow, light and darkness. This rich history of discovery and symbolism has made Alexandrite one of the most storied gemstones in the world.
Geological Formation and Global Sources
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. Its formation requires a unique combination of geological conditions, which is one reason for its rarity. Chrysoberyl forms in pegmatites and metamorphic rocks, but the presence of chromium is essential for Alexandrite’s characteristic color. Chromium, a trace element, replaces aluminum in the crystal lattice, giving the gem its green color. Under incandescent light, which is richer in red wavelengths, the chromium causes the stone to appear red.
The primary and most famous source of Alexandrite is the Ural Mountains of Russia. These deposits, which produced the finest and most valuable material in the 19th century, are largely depleted today. The Russian Alexandrites from the Ural region are considered the benchmark for quality, with their vivid green-to-red color change and high clarity.
Modern sources of Alexandrite include Brazil, Sri Lanka, and East Africa. Brazilian deposits, particularly in the Minas Gerais region, have yielded significant quantities of Alexandrite since the 1980s. These stones often exhibit a color change from bluish-green to purplish-red. Sri Lankan Alexandrite is known for its lighter body color and a color change that can range from green to red. East African deposits, such as those in Tanzania, also produce Alexandrite, though the stones may have a different hue and clarity compared to Russian material.
The rarity of fine Alexandrite is exacerbated by the scarcity of chromium in the geological environments where chrysoberyl forms. Consequently, large, clean stones with a strong color change are exceptionally rare and command premium prices in the gemstone market.
Gemological Properties of Alexandrite
Understanding the physical and optical properties of Alexandrite is crucial for gemologists, jewelers, and collectors. Its unique characteristics distinguish it from other green or red gemstones and contribute to its value.
Key Gemological Characteristics
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral Species | Chrysoberyl |
| Chemical Formula | BeAl₂O₄ |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.746 – 1.755 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.71 – 3.75 |
| Birefringence | 0.008 – 0.009 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Optical Phenomenon | Strong trichroism (green, red, purple) |
Color and Color Change
The defining feature of Alexandrite is its strong color change, a phenomenon known as trichroism. The stone appears green in daylight or fluorescent light, which is rich in blue and green wavelengths, and red or purplish-red in incandescent or tungsten light, which is rich in red and yellow wavelengths. The quality of the color change is a primary factor in determining an Alexandrite’s value. The most desirable stones exhibit a dramatic shift from a vivid emerald green to a deep ruby red. The transition should be clear and noticeable, without a muddy intermediate color.
The body color of Alexandrite can vary. It may be yellowish-green, bluish-green, or olive-green in daylight. The intensity of the green and red hues depends on the concentration of chromium and the presence of other trace elements. For instance, iron can mute the color change, resulting in a less vibrant shift.
Clarity and Cut
Fine Alexandrite is typically eye-clean, meaning it has no visible inclusions to the naked eye. However, like many natural gemstones, it can contain inclusions. Some inclusions, such as long, parallel needles (silk) or tiny platelets, are common and can sometimes be used to identify the stone as natural. The presence of heavy inclusions can reduce transparency and affect the stone's ability to change color effectively.
Alexandrite is cut into a variety of shapes to maximize its color change and light performance. The cut must be carefully oriented to align with the crystal’s optical axes. Common cuts include oval, cushion, round, and pear shapes. The stone’s hardness of 8.5 on the Mohs scale makes it durable enough for most types of jewelry, though care should be taken to avoid sharp impacts.
Carat Weight
Alexandrite is a relatively dense gemstone due to its high specific gravity. As a result, a one-carat Alexandrite will appear smaller in diameter compared to a one-carat diamond. Large Alexandrites are exceptionally rare. Stones over five carats are considered investment-grade and are seldom found on the commercial market. The price per carat increases exponentially with size, especially for stones with a strong color change and good clarity.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Alexandrite’s symbolism is deeply tied to its color-changing nature. It is often called the “emerald by day, ruby by night,” a phrase that encapsulates its dual personality. This duality has led to a rich tapestry of metaphysical beliefs and symbolic meanings across different cultures.
Transformation and Adaptability
The primary symbolism of Alexandrite is transformation. Its ability to shift colors under different lights is seen as a metaphor for life’s constant changes. It is believed to help the wearer navigate transitions, embrace change, and adapt to new circumstances. This makes it a powerful stone for those undergoing significant life changes, such as career shifts, relocations, or personal growth journeys.
For those born under the sign of Gemini, Alexandrite is particularly significant. Gemini, an air sign ruled by Mercury, is associated with duality, communication, and intellect. Alexandrite’s two-sided nature resonates perfectly with the Gemini spirit, symbolizing the balance between different aspects of the personality and the ability to see multiple perspectives.
Joy, Fortune, and Creativity
In many traditions, Alexandrite is considered a stone of good fortune and joy. Its discovery in Russia on the very day the future Tsar Alexander II came of age was seen as a powerful omen. It is believed to bring luck, especially in games of chance, and to promote a sense of optimism and positivity.
Alexandrite is also associated with creativity and intuition. It is thought to stimulate the imagination, encourage innovative thinking, and enhance intuitive insights. Wearing Alexandrite is believed to boost confidence in one’s creative abilities and to help overcome self-doubt. For artists, writers, and thinkers, it is considered a stone that can unlock new ideas and perspectives.
Emotional and Spiritual Healing
Metaphysically, Alexandrite is linked to the heart and the nervous system. It is believed to promote emotional balance, helping to soothe anxiety and stress. Its energy is described as calming yet invigorating, providing a sense of stability during emotional turmoil. Some believe that Alexandrite can help release old emotional patterns and foster a sense of renewal and hope.
In spiritual practices, Alexandrite is used to enhance meditation and connect with higher states of consciousness. Its ability to shift perception is thought to aid in seeing beyond the surface and understanding deeper truths. It is also associated with the crown chakra, facilitating a connection to divine wisdom and spiritual guidance.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and integrity of Alexandrite. While it is a durable gemstone, it requires specific handling to avoid damage.
Cleaning Methods
Alexandrite can be safely cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Use a mild detergent and avoid harsh chemicals, such as bleach or ammonia, which can damage the stone. After cleaning, rinse thoroughly with clean water and dry with a soft, lint-free cloth.
Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for Alexandrite, but caution is advised. If the stone has significant inclusions or fractures, the vibrations of the ultrasonic cleaner could potentially cause damage. It is best to consult with a professional jeweler before using an ultrasonic cleaner.
Steam cleaning is not recommended for Alexandrite. The high temperature and pressure can cause thermal shock, especially if the stone has inclusions or has been treated. It is safer to avoid steam cleaners altogether.
Storage and Handling
When not in use, store Alexandrite jewelry separately from other pieces to prevent scratches. Although Alexandrite has a hardness of 8.5, it can be scratched by harder gemstones like diamond, sapphire, and ruby. A soft pouch or a compartmentalized jewelry box is ideal for storage.
Avoid exposing Alexandrite to extreme temperature changes, which can cause stress in the crystal structure. Remove Alexandrite jewelry before engaging in activities that could subject it to impact, such as heavy manual work or sports. While it is suitable for everyday wear, it is best to handle it with care to preserve its longevity.
Professional Care
For deep cleaning or repairs, it is advisable to seek the assistance of a jeweler experienced with Alexandrite. A professional can inspect the stone for any damage, clean it safely, and ensure that the settings are secure. They can also provide advice on specific care based on the stone’s condition and any treatments it may have undergone.
Conclusion
Alexandrite, the birthstone for June 18th, is a gemstone of profound beauty, rarity, and significance. Its discovery in the Russian Empire in 1830 and its imperial namesake have cemented its place in history, while its unique color-changing properties continue to captivate gemstone enthusiasts worldwide. As a variety of chrysoberyl, it boasts a hardness of 8.5, making it a durable choice for jewelry, and its trichroic nature—shifting from green in daylight to red in incandescent light—sets it apart as one of the most mystical gems in the mineral kingdom.
Beyond its physical properties, Alexandrite carries deep symbolic weight. It is a stone of transformation, adaptability, and duality, resonating strongly with those born under the sign of Gemini. Its metaphysical associations with creativity, intuition, and good fortune add layers of meaning, making it a cherished talisman for personal growth and emotional balance. While modern sources have expanded its availability beyond the legendary Ural Mountains, fine Alexandrite remains exceptionally rare, with its value increasing with size, color change, and clarity.
For those born on June 18th, Alexandrite is more than a birthstone; it is a reflection of life’s dynamic nature. Its ability to transform under different lights serves as a powerful reminder of the beauty found in change and the resilience required to navigate it. Whether set in a ring, pendant, or earring, Alexandrite continues to be a symbol of elegance, mystery, and enduring strength.