Tanzanite is a gemstone of extraordinary rarity and captivating beauty, distinguished by its vivid blue-violet hues and a history that spans barely more than half a century. As one of the modern birthstones for December, it offers a unique story of geological fortune, rapid commercial adoption, and distinct gemological character. Unlike ancient gems known for millennia, tanzanite’s journey to the forefront of the gem world is a recent phenomenon, yet its impact has been profound. This article explores the origins, properties, symbolism, and care of tanzanite, drawing exclusively from the provided source materials to present a comprehensive overview for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology.
The gemstone’s significance lies not only in its visual appeal but also in its singular geographic origin and its status as one of the newest additions to the official birthstone list. For those born in December, tanzanite represents a connection to a modern classic, a stone that embodies transformation and clarity. The following sections will delve into its geological formation, the history of its discovery and market introduction, its specific gemological characteristics, and the metaphysical beliefs associated with it. We will also provide practical advice on how to maintain this relatively delicate gem, ensuring its beauty endures for generations.
History and Lore
The history of tanzanite is exceptionally brief compared to that of other established gemstones, which often trace back to ancient civilizations. Its story began in the mid-20th century in East Africa. According to the provided materials, tanzanite was first discovered in the Merelani Hills of Northern Tanzania in 1967 [1, 5]. The gem’s name is a direct tribute to its country of origin, a geographical indicator that has remained exclusively tied to this stone since its finding. The discovery is attributed to Campbell Bridges, who first brought the gem to the Western fine jewellery market [5].
The speed at which tanzanite was embraced by the global market is remarkable. The renowned jewelry house Tiffany & Co. recognized the gem’s potential almost immediately and began selling it in 1968, just one year after its discovery [5]. This swift introduction led to the popular slogan “in Tanzania and Tiffany’s,” highlighting both the stone’s singular geographic source and the powerful marketing machine that propelled it to international fame [5]. This rapid ascent from a newly found curiosity to a cherished gemstone in high-end jewelry is a unique chapter in modern gemology.
Tanzanite’s official recognition as a birthstone was also a relatively recent development. While many birthstones have been part of cultural traditions for centuries, tanzanite was added to the list of birthstones for December only in 2002 [4]. This decision by the Jewelry Industry Council of America and the American Gem Trade Association acknowledged the gem’s growing popularity and cultural significance. Its addition reflected more than just commercial interest; it was an acknowledgment of the gem’s unique optical qualities and its impact on the contemporary jewelry landscape [4]. Before tanzanite, the traditional birthstones for December included turquoise, lapis lazuli, and blue zircon [2]. The inclusion of tanzanite provided a modern, vibrant alternative that resonated with consumers.
The lore surrounding tanzanite is, consequently, modern and largely centered on its perceived transformative properties. While ancient stones are steeped in myths passed down through generations, tanzanite’s symbolism is often linked to themes of modern life, such as transformation, intuition, and spiritual awakening. For those born in December, it is seen as a gem that can bring joy, inspiration, and emotional balance [1]. Its association with the wintry and festive ambiance of December is a natural fit, with its cool blue and violet tones evoking the crispness of the season [1]. The gem is considered a meaningful gift for December birthdays, symbolizing growth and creativity [1].
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s geological origin is as unique as its history. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite, specifically a blue to violetish blue zoisite [1]. The formation of this gemstone required a very specific and extraordinary set of geological circumstances, which is a primary reason for its extreme rarity. The provided sources do not detail the exact geological process, but they emphasize that the conditions were unique and that the gem is found in only one location on Earth.
The sole source of tanzanite is the Merelani Hills of Northern Tanzania [1, 5]. This geographic exclusivity is a defining characteristic of the gem. Unlike other gemstones that are mined in multiple countries across the globe, tanzanite has never been found anywhere else. This makes it one of the few gemstones found exclusively in a single region [4]. The concentration of tanzanite deposits in this small area of Tanzania adds to its allure and market value, reinforcing its status as a rare and precious stone. The fact that it is found only in Tanzania and nowhere else in the world is frequently cited as the main reason for its rarity [3].
The mining of tanzanite often involves recovering it as broken fragments rather than perfectly formed crystals [5]. When well-formed crystals are discovered, they are considered particularly beautiful and valuable. The challenge of extracting the gem and the limited geographic area of its source contribute to the narrative of tanzanite as a "gem of a generation" [4]. This singularity of origin is a key part of its identity and is a major factor in its appeal to collectors and those seeking something truly unique.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite possesses a distinct set of gemological properties that differentiate it from other blue and violet gems. Its most celebrated characteristic is its color, which ranges from a pure, vibrant blue to violet to purplish-blue [1]. This pleochroism—the ability to show different colors when viewed from different angles—is a notable feature. The materials describe its color as a rich purple-blue and note its mesmerizing interplay of blues and violets [4, 5]. This versatility in hue makes it exceptionally attractive and versatile for jewelry design.
In terms of transparency, tanzanite can be found in qualities ranging from transparent to translucent, with varying levels of color saturation [5]. As a variety of zoisite, its chemical composition is part of the silicate mineral group. The sources do not provide specific data on its refractive index, specific gravity, or chemical formula. However, they do touch upon its hardness and durability. One source mentions that zoisite, the parent mineral, has a Mohs hardness rating of around 7 [2]. This is a general reference to the silicate mineral group and may not be specific to tanzanite, but it provides a general benchmark. The relative delicacy of the gem is implied by the care instructions provided, which emphasize preventing scratches and damage [1].
The gem is often found as broken fragments, but when well-formed, the crystals are beautiful [5]. The cutting of tanzanite is crucial to maximizing its color, as cutters must orient the stone to display the most desirable blue or violet face-up color, balancing the different shades seen through its pleochroic axes. The materials do not specify the typical cuts used for tanzanite, but its popularity in rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets is noted [1]. The gem’s visual appeal is its primary asset, with its vivid colors making it a standout in any jewelry setting.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
As a relatively new gemstone, the symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with tanzanite are modern interpretations rather than ancient lore. The sources provided attribute several positive meanings to the stone, primarily linking it to themes of transformation, intuition, and emotional well-being. For individuals born in December, tanzanite is said to have the capacity to bring joy, inspiration, and transformation [1]. It is viewed as a gem that can promote personal growth, stimulate creativity, and foster emotional balance [1].
The gem’s connection to December babies is described as a reflection of its exquisite beauty and its ability to impart positive energy [1]. It is often cherished as a meaningful piece of jewelry, not just for its aesthetic value but also for the intentions it is believed to carry. Some modern sources suggest that tanzanite can help with spiritual awareness and intuition, aligning with the theme of embracing one's truth, particularly as the year draws to a close and a new one begins [3]. This association with reflection and new beginnings makes it a particularly resonant stone for those born in the last month of the year.
While these metaphysical claims are popular in certain circles, it is important to note that they are modern beliefs and are not based on centuries of historical tradition in the way that the properties of gems like amethyst or ruby are. The provided sources present these beliefs as part of the gem’s appeal for December-born individuals, integrating its visual beauty with a layer of personal and spiritual significance.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and integrity of tanzanite jewelry. The sources emphasize the need for gentle handling due to the gem’s relative delicacy. While the exact Mohs hardness is not specified, the care instructions suggest it is susceptible to scratching and damage from harder materials. To prevent damage, tanzanite jewelry should be stored carefully, preferably in a soft cloth or a separate compartment in a jewelry box, away from other gemstones that could scratch its surface [1].
Cleaning tanzanite should be done with mild soap, lukewarm water, and a soft brush [1]. It is critical to avoid harsh chemicals, extreme temperatures, and ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone or its settings. After cleaning, the jewelry should be rinsed thoroughly and dried with a soft, lint-free cloth.
Regular inspections of tanzanite jewelry are also recommended. Owners should periodically check for any loose settings or signs of damage and address any issues promptly to prevent further deterioration [1]. This proactive approach to maintenance ensures that the gemstone remains securely set and that its luster and color are preserved. By following these simple care guidelines, the owner of a tanzanite piece can ensure that this rare and beautiful gem continues to captivate for years to come.
Conclusion
Tanzanite stands as a testament to the dynamic nature of the modern gemstone market. Its story—from a chance discovery in Tanzania in 1967 to its official designation as a December birthstone in 2002—is a rapid and impressive journey. The gem’s primary allure lies in its unique, vivid blue-violet coloration and its unparalleled geographic rarity, being found only in a single location in the world. This combination of beauty and scarcity has secured its place as a highly desirable stone for collectors and jewelry enthusiasts alike.
For those born in December, tanzanite offers a birthstone that is both visually stunning and rich with contemporary symbolism, representing transformation, clarity, and inspiration. While its history is short, its impact is significant, providing a modern classic that stands alongside traditional December stones like turquoise and zircon. Its relative delicacy requires mindful care, but for those who appreciate its unique character, tanzanite is a gem that embodies both elegance and a compelling modern narrative.