The month of June is uniquely distinguished in the world of gemology by its triad of birthstones: Pearl, Moonstone, and Alexandrite. However, for individuals born specifically on June 17th, the tradition narrows its focus to a compelling duality. Those entering the world on this date are traditionally associated with the timeless elegance of the Pearl and the rare, color-changing phenomenon of Alexandrite. While these two gemstones differ vastly in geological origin and physical composition, they share a profound connection to the attributes of intuition, adaptability, and balance.
This article explores the rich history, geological formation, and gemological properties of these two remarkable stones. By examining the lore and science behind the June 17th birthstones, we uncover the unique legacy bestowed upon those born in the middle of the summer month.
History and Lore
The history of June’s birthstones is a tale of evolution, reflecting changes in trade, discovery, and cultural preference.
The Timeless Pearl
Historically, the Pearl held sole claim as June’s birthstone, a position it maintained for centuries. Revered for millennia, pearls have symbolized purity, wisdom, and wealth across various civilizations. Ancient texts often refer to the pearl as the "Queen of Gems" due to its natural, luminous beauty and understated sophistication.
Unlike most gemstones, pearls require no cutting or polishing to reveal their splendor; they emerge from their shells with a soft glow that has captivated humanity since antiquity. In the context of the June 17th birthstone, the Pearl represents the traditional foundation of the month’s gemological identity, embodying sincerity and spiritual wisdom.
The Discovery of Alexandrite
Alexandrite is a relative newcomer to the birthstone canon. This gem was first discovered in the early 19th century in Russia’s Ural Mountains. Its discovery is steeped in historical significance; it was named in honor of the future Czar Alexander II. The stone was reportedly found on the future czar's birthday, adding to its mystique.
The gemstone quickly captivated the world due to its enchanting ability to shift hues under different lighting conditions. While the Pearl represents ancient tradition, Alexandrite represents the marvel of modern discovery and the allure of rarity.
The Evolution of Birthstone Lists
The presence of three birthstones for June—Pearl, Moonstone, and Alexandrite—is the result of the evolution of birthstone charts over time. The concept was standardized in the early 20th century by organizations such as the American National Retail Jewelers Association (now Jewelers of America).
Originally, June's only birthstone was the pearl. However, as natural pearls became rarer and more expensive, the lists evolved to provide consumers with more variety and accessibility. Moonstone was added as a mystical gem popular in Europe, and Alexandrite was added in the 1950s for its unique color-changing properties. Consequently, for those born on June 17th, the choice of birthstone offers a spectrum ranging from the organic luster of the pearl to the optical rarity of alexandrite.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these two gemstones could not be more different, highlighting the diverse processes that create natural beauty.
The Organic Origin of Pearls
Pearls are unique among birthstones because they are organic gems. They are formed within the soft tissue of a living shelled mollusk, such as an oyster or a mussel. When a foreign object, such as a grain of sand, irritates the mollusk, it secretes layers of nacre (calcium carbonate) around the irritant to soothe itself. Over time, these layers build up to form a pearl. This process stands in stark contrast to the mineral formation of most other gems.
The Mineral Formation of Alexandrite
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. It forms under specific geological conditions that allow chromium to replace aluminum in the crystal structure. This substitution is responsible for the gem’s signature color change. The original deposits were found in the Ural Mountains of Russia, a region known for producing high-quality stones with distinct color shifts.
While the Russian deposits are historically significant, sources of Alexandrite have also been found in Brazil, Sri Lanka, and East Africa. However, the finest quality stones, particularly those exhibiting a distinct emerald green in daylight and ruby red in incandescent light, remain exceptionally rare.
Gemological Properties
The physical and optical properties of the June 17th birthstones define their durability, appearance, and value.
Alexandrite: The Chameleon Gem
Alexandrite is celebrated for its remarkable color-changing properties, often described as "emerald by day, ruby by night." This phenomenon is caused by the way the stone absorbs light. The human eye perceives the gem as green in natural daylight (which contains a strong blue-green component) and red in artificial light (which is rich in red wavelengths).
Key Properties of Alexandrite: * Chemical Composition: BeAl₂O₄ (Chrysoberyl with chromium) * Hardness: 8.5 on the Mohs scale, making it exceptionally durable for jewelry. * Refractive Index: 1.746 – 1.755 * Crystal System: Orthorhombic * Specific Gravity: 3.71 – 3.75
Pearl: The Luminous Gem
Pearls are evaluated differently than cut stones, relying on the "Value Factors" of luster, surface quality, shape, size, and color. The luster of a pearl—its sharpness and intensity of reflected light—is perhaps its most important characteristic.
Key Properties of Pearl: * Composition: Calcium carbonate (in the form of aragonite or calcite) and conchiolin. * Hardness: 2.5 – 4.5 on the Mohs scale (relatively soft). * Refractive Index: 1.52 – 1.69 * Luster: Ranges from excellent to poor.
| Gemological Property | Alexandrite | Pearl |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral Family | Chrysoberyl | Organic (Calcium Carbonate) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 | 2.5 - 4.5 |
| Origin | Mineral formation (Beryllium/Aluminum) | Organic secretion (Mollusk) |
| Primary Feature | Strong Color Change | Luminous Luster |
| Durability | Excellent | Fair (Susceptible to abrasion) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism attached to the June 17th birthstones is deeply rooted in their physical characteristics and historical narratives.
Transformation and Balance
Alexandrite is heavily associated with transformation and duality. Its ability to change color serves as a metaphor for life’s transitions. It is believed to inspire intuition, creativity, and adaptability. For those born on June 17th, Alexandrite is said to encourage the embrace of change as a catalyst for personal growth. It is also viewed as a talisman of good fortune and balance, harmonizing the intellectual and emotional selves.
Purity and Wisdom
Pearl, conversely, symbolizes purity, sincerity, and spiritual wisdom. Because it is formed organically, it is often linked to the moon and the flow of water, elements traditionally associated with calmness and emotional balance. It is believed to promote integrity and keep the wearer grounded.
Together, these stones offer a complementary set of attributes: the Pearl provides a foundation of calm and wisdom, while Alexandrite offers the dynamic energy of transformation and joy.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their vastly different hardness levels, the care required for these two stones differs significantly.
Caring for Alexandrite
With a hardness of 8.5 on the Mohs scale, Alexandrite is very durable and resistant to scratching. It can be safely cleaned using warm water, mild soap, and a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners are generally safe for untreated Alexandrite, making maintenance relatively straightforward.
Caring for Pearls
Pearls are significantly softer and more delicate. With a hardness of only 2.5 to 4.5, they can be easily scratched by harder materials, including other jewelry. They are also porous, meaning they can be damaged by acids, vinegar, and even cosmetics.
Best practices for pearl care include: * Wiping pearls with a soft, damp cloth after wear to remove oils and sweat. * Storing pearls separately from other jewelry to prevent scratches. * Avoiding exposure to harsh chemicals, including perfume and hairspray. * Never subjecting pearls to ultrasonic cleaners or steam.
Conclusion
The birthstones associated with June 17th—Pearl and Alexandrite—offer a fascinating study in contrasts. The Pearl, an organic gem of the sea, represents ancient tradition, purity, and serene beauty. The Alexandrite, a rare mineral born of the earth, represents modern discovery, optical mystery, and the power of transformation.
For the individual born on June 17th, the choice between these stones is not merely aesthetic but symbolic. Whether selecting the luminous glow of the Pearl or the color-changing magic of Alexandrite, they are connecting with a gemstone legacy that is as unique and extraordinary as the date itself.