For those born in the second month of the year, or anyone seeking a gift grounded in tranquility, the February birthstone offers a perfect blend of royal beauty and spiritual depth. While winter's chill still lingers, the vibrant violet hue of Amethyst—the primary birthstone for February—brings a sense of warmth, clarity, and protection. Far more than just a decorative gem, this stone holds centuries of lore, making it a favorite among wellness enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. Yet, the story of February’s gems is not one of a single stone. Alongside the regal Amethyst, alternative traditions introduce Jasper, a stone of earthly strength and endurance. This article explores the rich tapestry of February’s birthstones, delving into their history, geological origins, gemological properties, and the profound symbolism that has made them cherished for millennia.
The Royal Identity of Amethyst
The definitive birthstone for February is the Amethyst. Historically, this gemstone was as expensive as rubies and emeralds until large deposits were found in Brazil in the 19th century. Despite becoming more accessible, it has never lost its association with royalty and luxury. The February birthstone color ranges from a pale, delicate lilac to a deep, intense violet, often referred to as "Siberian" deep purple. This purple quartz has captured human imagination for thousands of years, symbolizing wisdom, clarity, and a touch of royal mystique.
The tradition of monthly birthstones weaves together many cultural threads. For centuries, people have celebrated Amethyst as February’s primary gem. However, alternative traditions place its counterpart, Jasper, beside it. The connection stems from ancient and cultural birthstone systems that differ from the modern standardized list. In modern gemology, Amethyst is the sole official birthstone for February. However, in ancient traditions and older calendars, Bloodstone, Hyacinth, and sometimes Jasper were also associated with the month. Today, Amethyst is almost exclusively recognized as the February birthstone.
Historical and Cultural Significance
The origins of birthstones are deeply rooted in historical and religious texts. The idea of birthstones may stem from Biblical texts. 1st-century AD historian Titus Flavius Josephus was likely the first to connect the twelve stones mentioned in the Biblical High Priest’s Breastplate to the 12 months of the year and the 12 signs of the zodiac. Inspired by Josephus, 5th-century AD Latin priest St. Jerome further developed this association, creating a foundation for the birthstone lists we know today.
Amethysts are known for symbolizing royalty, passion, and spirituality. They’re the traditional 6th and 33rd wedding anniversary gem, along with holding their place as the February birthstone for quite some time. The month of February is named from the Latin februa, meaning “to cleanse.” More precisely, the name comes from the Roman dies Februatus, more commonly called Lupercalia, an ancient Roman festival of purification and fertility held during February. The semi-precious gemstone amethyst reflects these ideals, with rich symbolism in spirituality and purification.
Historically, it was believed to prevent intoxication and keep the wearer clear-headed. The name "amethyst" comes from the Greek word amethystos, which means "not intoxicated." Ancient Greeks and Romans believed that wearing amethyst or drinking from an amethyst cup could ward off drunkenness and keep the mind sharp. This association with clarity and sobriety has endured through the ages, making it a symbol of peace, courage, and stability.
Geological Formation and Sources
Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz, a mineral composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Its distinctive color is the result of trace amounts of iron and other transition metals within its crystal lattice, combined with natural irradiation. The stone forms in geodes and cavities within volcanic rocks, where silica-rich fluids crystallize over time. Historically, significant sources of high-quality amethyst included Siberia, which gave us the benchmark for the deepest purple hues. However, the discovery of vast deposits in Brazil during the 19th century dramatically increased the gemstone's availability and made it more affordable, though top-quality "Siberian" amethyst remains prized.
While Amethyst is the primary gemstone, other stones have been associated with February through various systems. According to some alternative lists, February guardian angel birthstone is Jasper, and February special apostle birth rock is Red Garnet. In addition to these, Jade is also eligible for the February list as a Pisces birthstone, and Serpentine is a February birthstone according to one of the alternative birthstone lists.
Jasper, another stone linked to February, is an opaque variety of chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz. It is known for its earthy tones and unique patterns, formed from mineral impurities that create bands, spots, and swirls. Jasper is found worldwide, with notable sources in Brazil, India, and the United States. Bloodstone, or heliotrope, is a mystical February birthstone rooted in ancient Tibetan astrology. The gem, often called a jasper variety, is a forest green chalcedony with splashes of red, brown, or orange from inclusions of hematite. Onyx is a modern February birthstone and also a chalcedony variety, best known in solid black, though most are dyed. True onyx comes in a range of colors, usually with black or white bands.
Gemological Properties
Amethyst is a durable gemstone, making it suitable for various types of jewelry. It has a Mohs hardness of 7, which means it is resistant to scratching and can withstand daily wear. Its chemical composition is silicon dioxide (SiO₂), and it belongs to the trigonal crystal system. The refractive index of amethyst ranges from 1.544 to 1.553, and it exhibits moderate to high birefringence. These properties contribute to its brilliance when cut properly.
The color of amethyst can vary significantly based on its origin and the conditions of its formation. The most valued color is a deep, saturated purple with flashes of red or blue, often seen in stones from Siberia. Lighter hues, such as pale lilac or lavender, are also popular and can be more affordable. It is important to note that amethyst can fade if exposed to prolonged sunlight or high heat, so it should be stored away from direct light and protected from extreme temperatures.
Jasper, as a chalcedony variety, has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it slightly less hard than amethyst but still durable enough for jewelry. It is an opaque stone, valued more for its patterns and colors than its transparency. Bloodstone shares similar properties, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 and a green color due to chlorite or actinolite inclusions, with red spots from hematite. Onyx, another chalcedony, has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 and is typically found in bands of black and white, though solid black onyx is common in the market, often through dyeing.
| Gemstone | Mineral Group | Chemical Composition | Mohs Hardness | Typical Colors | Notable Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amethyst | Quartz | SiO₂ | 7 | Pale lilac to deep violet | Brazil, Siberia, Uruguay |
| Jasper | Chalcedony (Quartz) | SiO₂ with impurities | 6.5-7 | Earthy reds, browns, yellows, greens | Brazil, India, USA |
| Bloodstone | Chalcedony (Quartz) | SiO₂ with iron oxides | 6.5-7 | Green with red spots | India, Australia, Brazil |
| Onyx | Chalcedony (Quartz) | SiO₂ | 6.5-7 | Banded black/white, solid black | Brazil, India, Uruguay |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Amethyst is deeply connected to spiritual and emotional well-being. It is linked to the Crown Chakra, the highest energy center in the body, which represents enlightenment, spiritual awareness, and connection with the universe. The stone is believed to promote tranquility, reduce stress, and enhance intuition. Its calming energy makes it a popular choice for meditation and mindfulness practices.
Jasper, on the other hand, is known as a stone of grounding and stability. It is often called the "supreme nurturer" and is believed to provide support during times of stress, offering a sense of security and continuity. Its earthy energy is thought to connect the wearer to the natural world, fostering courage and strength. Bloodstone carries a legacy of protection and vitality. Historically, it was worn as an amulet to ward off evil and promote physical health. Its red spots, reminiscent of blood, symbolize life force and courage. Onyx is associated with protection and self-control. It is believed to absorb negative energy and provide emotional stability, making it a powerful stone for those seeking to overcome challenges.
While these metaphysical beliefs are widely held in crystal healing circles, it is important to note that they are not scientifically proven. In modern gemology, the focus remains on the physical and aesthetic properties of the stones. However, for many, the symbolic meaning adds a layer of personal significance to their jewelry.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of February’s birthstones. Amethyst, with its hardness of 7, is relatively easy to care for. It can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid using harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Prolonged exposure to sunlight should be avoided to prevent fading.
Jasper, Bloodstone, and Onyx, all with a hardness of 6.5 to 7, require similar care. They can be cleaned with mild soap and water, using a soft cloth or brush. These stones are generally stable but should be protected from sharp blows and extreme temperature changes. It is advisable to store them separately from harder gemstones like diamonds or sapphires to prevent scratching.
For all gemstones, removing jewelry before engaging in physical activities, household chores, or swimming is recommended to avoid accidental damage or exposure to chemicals. Regular cleaning and proper storage will ensure that these stones remain vibrant and beautiful for generations.
Conclusion
February’s birthstones present a captivating duality. Amethyst, the primary and official birthstone, offers a celestial calm with its regal purple hue, symbolizing wisdom, clarity, and spiritual insight. Its journey from a gem of royalty to an accessible yet cherished stone reflects both geological discovery and enduring cultural significance. Alongside it, alternative stones like Jasper, Bloodstone, and Onyx provide grounding energy, protection, and stability, connecting the wearer to the strength of the ancient earth. Whether chosen for its beauty, its historical lore, or its metaphysical properties, the February birthstone—be it Amethyst or its counterparts—serves as a meaningful talisman, turning a simple accessory into a personal symbol of serenity and strength.