The color purple has long held a position of reverence, associated with royalty, spirituality, and wisdom. It is therefore fitting that several gemstones exhibiting shades of violet and lilac are recognized as birthstones, offering a rich tapestry of options for those born in February, March, August, December, and even other months depending on tradition. While amethyst reigns supreme as the most iconic purple birthstone, a fascinating array of other gems – including tanzanite, spinel, garnet, and tourmaline – also present captivating purple hues. This article will explore the world of purple birthstones, delving into their history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance.
History and Lore
The association of purple with importance dates back millennia. Ancient sources indicate that purple symbolized importance and good judgement for men, while lilac denoted high thoughts for women. In Christian mythology, purple holds a canonical position, often interpreted as a color of humility and purification. The color’s significance is further underscored by its presence as the hue of the ninth gemstone on the biblical high priest’s breastplate. The color purple was also associated with the number 3, and hypnotists of the old time extensively used this color in their practice as they considered it calming.
Amethyst, in particular, boasts a rich history steeped in lore. Its name is derived from the Greek word "amethystos," which translates to "not intoxicated." This etymology reflects a powerful ancient belief: that the stone could ward off intoxication. It was thought that drinking from a goblet carved from amethyst would prevent drunkenness, a belief held by the ancient Greeks. This association with clarity and sobriety has contributed to its enduring popularity.
Beyond its connection to temperance, amethyst was historically valued on par with precious stones like ruby, emerald, and sapphire. However, the discovery of vast amethyst deposits in the 19th century made the stone much more abundant, which significantly lowered its market value and made it more accessible to a wider audience. Today, it remains a beloved semi-precious gemstone, cherished for both vintage and modern jewelry designs.
A Spectrum of Purple Gems
While amethyst is the primary purple birthstone associated with February, the sources reveal a diverse list of at least thirteen gemstones that occur in purple hues. These stones expand the options for individuals seeking a unique and meaningful gem, whether for a birth month connection or aesthetic preference.
Amethyst: The Quintessential Purple Stone
Amethyst stands as the quintessential purple birthstone, cherished for its vibrant color and accessibility. As a variety of quartz, it can be found worldwide, with major deposits in Brazil, as well as Africa, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Its striking purple tones range from pale lilac to deep reddish purple, with the most prized color being a deep purple with rose flashes. Its widespread availability and captivating color have secured its place among the most adored gemstones.
Tanzanite: A Modern Discovery
Tanzanite is a more recent addition to the world of colored gemstones. Depending on its crystal orientation, it can appear in a range of colors, including burgundy, blue, and violet. This pleochroic quality makes it a dynamic and sought-after stone. It is recognized as a birthstone for December.
Spinel: A Late Addition
Spinel has been added to birthstone lists more recently and can also be found in beautiful purple shades. It is the designated birthstone for August.
Garnet: The Rare Purple
While garnet is most commonly associated with deep reds, it can also occur in purple. These purple garnets are notably rare and are found specifically in East Africa. Garnet is the birthstone for January.
Tourmaline: A Recent Discovery
Tourmaline is another gem that can present as a violet birthstone. A particularly rare purple tourmaline was recently discovered in Mozambique, adding to the allure of this October birthstone.
Other Purple Varieties
The spectrum of purple birthstones extends further. Moonstone, while known for its adularescence, can also be found in violet hues and is considered a birthstone for February and June. Other stones that occur less commonly in purple include agate (a form of chalcedony), sapphire, diamond, topaz, jade, and zircon. The availability of these alternative purple birthstones offers a wide array of choices for those seeking a unique gem.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the physical properties of these stones is crucial for their identification and care. The following table summarizes key properties for the primary purple birthstones discussed in the sources.
| Gemstone | Mineral Family | Chemical Composition | Typical Hardness (Mohs Scale) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amethyst | Quartz | Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂) | 7 |
| Spinel | Spinel | Magnesium Aluminum Oxide (MgAl₂O₄) | 8 |
| Garnet | Garnet | Varies (e.g., Pyrope-Almandine) | 7 - 7.5 |
| Tourmaline | Tourmaline | Complex Borosilicate | 7 - 7.5 |
| Tanzanite | Zoisite | Calcium Aluminum Hydroxyl Silicate | 6.5 - 7 |
| Moonstone | Feldspar | Potassium Aluminum Silicate | 6 - 6.5 |
Detailed Properties
- Amethyst: With a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, amethyst is a durable gemstone suitable for a variety of jewelry applications. As a variety of quartz, its chemical formula is silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Its color is derived from trace amounts of iron and other metal ions within its crystal structure, along with natural irradiation.
- Spinel: Ranking at 8 on the Mohs scale, spinel is an exceptionally hard and durable gemstone, making it an excellent choice for rings and other jewelry that may be subject to daily wear. Its chemical composition is magnesium aluminum oxide (MgAl₂O₄).
- Garnet: The garnet group has a hardness between 7 and 7.5. The specific chemical composition varies among the different garnet species. The purple variety is typically a blend of pyrope and almandine.
- Tourmaline: This complex borosilicate mineral has a hardness of 7 to 7.5, making it another durable choice for jewelry. Its chemical composition is intricate, allowing for a wide range of colors.
- Tanzanite: With a hardness of 6.5 to 7, tanzanite is slightly softer than amethyst or spinel and requires more careful handling to avoid scratches or damage. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite.
- Moonstone: As a member of the feldspar family, moonstone has a hardness of 6 to 6.5. It is known for its unique optical phenomenon, adularescence, which gives it a billowy, moonlight-like sheen. Its chemical composition is potassium aluminum silicate.
Metaphysical Beliefs and Symbolism
Across cultures and eras, purple stones have been attributed with powerful metaphysical properties. The mystical connotations of these stones often extend to spirituality and introspection, representing a bridge between the physical and spiritual worlds.
Each purple birthstone carries its specific meanings, stemming from its unique history and physical properties. Amethyst is widely seen as a symbol of peace and tranquility, supporting its wearers in personal development and emotional balance. Spinel is often associated with revitalization and joy, while tanzanite is believed to offer enhanced perception and spiritual growth. These attributes make purple birthstones not only beautiful adornments but also meaningful talismans for many individuals.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of purple birthstones. The cleaning and storage methods depend on the gemstone's hardness and stability.
For the more durable stones like amethyst, spinel, and garnet, cleaning is straightforward. Always clean these gems with a gentle soap and lukewarm water, and avoid harsh chemicals that may damage their surfaces. For an extra shine, use a soft brush to reach difficult areas and then pat dry with a soft cloth.
However, special care is needed for some stones. For example, amethyst is susceptible to color fading if exposed to excessive heat or prolonged sunlight. Therefore, it is important to store amethyst jewelry away from direct light. Tanzanite and moonstone, being softer, are more prone to scratching and should be handled with care.
When storing any collection of purple gemstones, it is best to keep them separated to prevent scratches and damage, preferably in a cloth or padded jewelry box. Regular inspections by a professional jeweler can help identify any potential issues early, ensuring your purple birthstones remain as striking as the day you acquired them.
Conclusion
Purple birthstones represent a captivating spectrum of color, history, and symbolism. From the revered amethyst to the more recently discovered purple tourmaline, these gems offer a connection to ancient lore, geological wonders, and personal meaning. Whether chosen for their birth month association, aesthetic appeal, or metaphysical properties, purple birthstones continue to enchant and inspire, embodying the enduring allure of this regal and spiritual hue.