Blue topaz, particularly the captivating London Blue variety, has emerged as a prominent and popular birthstone for December. While historically sharing the month with turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite, blue topaz has become the most commonly purchased gemstone representing this winter month, officially cemented in its position in 2002. The gem embodies the cool hues of the winter season, offering a deep, inky blue that rivals more expensive stones.
This article explores the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this dazzling blue gem, providing a comprehensive guide for enthusiasts, buyers, and students of gemology.
History and Lore
The story of topaz stretches back millennia. The very name “topaz” is believed to originate from the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning fire, reflecting the gem’s historical association with strength and protection. Early discoveries occurred on the Greek Islands over two thousand years ago. While topaz occurs in a variety of colors, the blue hues specifically linked to December are largely a modern phenomenon. These colors are achieved through irradiation and heat treatment of naturally colorless topaz.
Historically, topaz was valued for its perceived protective qualities. However, the specific association of blue topaz with December is relatively recent. Before 2002, December boasted a trio of birthstones – turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – each offering a unique color and symbolism. The rise in popularity of blue topaz, and its subsequent official recognition, has positioned it as the dominant December birthstone.
The name "London Blue Topaz" itself is derived from the presence of a large, 9,381-carat blue topaz displayed in the UK Natural History Museum. This specific variety is the deepest of the blue shades and is often considered a substitute for sapphire for those who cannot afford the latter.
Geological Formation and Sources
Blue topaz is a silicate mineral, composed of aluminum and fluorine, with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F,OH)4. It forms within igneous rocks, often in pegmatites, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks formed during the final stages of a magma’s crystallization. The strong chemical bonding within its structure contributes to its relatively high hardness.
While naturally occurring blue topaz exists, it is quite rare. The vast majority of blue topaz available commercially is created by irradiating colorless topaz, a process that alters the gem’s color. This treatment is stable and permanent, resulting in a durable and attractive gemstone. London Blue Topaz is known for its deep, rich blue color with gray or green undertones, achieved through prolonged irradiation and heating.
Topaz is mined in several locations around the world. While specific sources for London Blue topaz are not detailed in the provided materials, blue topaz in general is sourced from countries including Russia, Nigeria, China, and the United States. Other sources suggest Brazil and Sri Lanka are common locations for blue topaz and blue zircon.
Gemological Properties
Blue topaz is a beautiful and durable silicate mineral prized for its range of stunning blue hues. The gem comes in three main varieties: Sky Blue, Swiss Blue, and London Blue. Each variety offers a unique charm and color suitable for various jewelry styles. Sky Blue is the palest, Swiss Blue is a bright electric blue, and London Blue is the deepest and darkest blue.
The gemological file reveals that topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminum and fluorine that is found in pegmatites near silica rock that are volcanic in origin. It is important to note a specific durability caveat: London Blue topaz is noted to be less durable than other varieties and requires extra caution to avoid breakage or scratches. It is advisable to avoid impacts or abrasive contact with harder materials.
The following table summarizes the key varieties of blue topaz mentioned in the sources:
| Variety | Color Description |
|---|---|
| Sky Blue | Pale sky blue |
| Swiss Blue | Bright, electric blue |
| London Blue | Deep, rich blue with gray or green undertones |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, topaz was valued for its perceived protective qualities. The name "Topaz" is derived from the Greek word "Topazos." In modern metaphysical beliefs, blue topaz symbolizes eternal love and faithfulness when gifted to a loved one. It is also associated with calmness and communication.
Beyond blue topaz, other December birthstones carry significant symbolic meanings. Blue Topaz represents good fortune and tranquility. Turquoise symbolizes protection and prosperity. Tanzanite is associated with spiritual growth and transformation, while Blue Zircon promotes wisdom and honor.
During the Middle Ages, Zircon was also believed to induce restful sleep and ward off evil spirits, further enhancing its mystical reputation among the December gemstones.
Comparison with Other December Birthstones
December offers a variety of gemstones, each with distinct characteristics. Turquoise is a mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate and is the only gemstone belonging to the phosphates family. It is found in regions such as Iran, United States, Africa, Australia, Siberia, and Europe. Turquoise is the Wedding anniversary gemstone for the 5th and 11th year of marriage. However, due to its porous nature, Turquoise can absorb oils, cosmetics, and environmental substances, which may cause it to darken or develop a greenish tint over time.
Tanzanite was discovered in 1967 by Maasai herders after a lightning strike reportedly ignited a fire that revealed the blue stones. Tiffany & Co. later popularized the gemstone by naming it after Tanzania and promoting it worldwide. It is exclusively mined in Tanzania and is known for its trichroic properties, displaying different colors from various angles. It is limited due to strict mining regulations.
Blue Zircon is another December option, known as the "Stone of Virtue," celebrated for promoting wisdom, honor, and prosperity.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the brilliance of blue topaz jewelry, particularly the London Blue variety. Cleaning is relatively straightforward. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush or cloth are sufficient to remove dirt and grime.
However, certain methods and conditions must be avoided: * Harsh Chemicals: Avoid using harsh chemicals, as they may damage the gemstone or its setting. * Ultrasonic Cleaners: Do not use ultrasonic cleaners. * Heat: Exposure to high heat or extreme temperature changes should be avoided. * Impacts: Given that London Blue topaz is less durable, avoid impacts or abrasive contact with harder materials.
Proper storage, away from other jewelry that could cause scratches, will help maintain its brilliance. For Turquoise specifically, proper care can help maintain its vibrant color and prevent darkening.
Conclusion
London Blue Topaz has secured its place as a beloved December birthstone, captivating jewelry enthusiasts with its deep, inky blue hues and symbolic significance. From its ancient origins and association with fire to its modern-day representation of clarity and communication, this gem continues to hold a special allure. Its durability, affordability, and availability in various cuts and sizes make it a versatile and accessible choice for those seeking a meaningful and beautiful gemstone. Alongside the rich history of Turquoise and the rarity of Tanzanite, blue topaz offers a cool beauty and hopeful spirit for the winter season. With proper care, a piece of London Blue Topaz jewelry can be treasured for a lifetime.
Sources
- Blue topaz, particularly the captivating London Blue variety, has emerged as a prominent and popular birthstone for December.
- Blue Topaz, a variation of the most common gem Topaz, is the birthstone for the month of December.
- The December birthstone, blue topaz, is a beautiful and durable silicate mineral prized for its range of stunning blue hues.
- Blue Topaz, Turquoise, and Tanzanite are the birthstones for December, each representing the unique beauty and significance of the December birthstone.