The month of August is uniquely distinguished in the world of gemology by offering not one, but three official birthstones. This triad provides a remarkable spectrum of colors and characteristics, allowing those born in this summer month to select a gem that perfectly aligns with their personal style and spiritual inclinations. The official August birthstones are Peridot, Spinel, and the traditional alternative, Sardonyx. Each stone carries its own distinct history, geological origin, and symbolic meaning, creating a rich and diverse palette for jewelry enthusiasts and collectors.
Peridot, the first official birthstone, is celebrated for its vibrant, fresh green hue, reminiscent of summer foliage. Spinel offers a stunning array of colors, with the vivid red variety being particularly prized for its resemblance to ruby. Sardonyx, the traditional choice, is characterized by its bold, earthy bands of red, brown, and white. Together, these gems represent the energetic and warm essence of August, providing a wide range of options from bright and uplifting to grounded and protective.
History and Lore
The history of these three stones is as varied as their appearances. Sardonyx stands out as the ancient traditional birthstone for August. Its name is derived from the Greek words "sard" and "onyx," referring to its reddish-brown (sard) and banded (onyx) nature. Historically, Sardonyx was revered not just for its beauty but for its symbolic power. It was widely believed to be a stone of strength, stability, and protection. Ancient warriors and soldiers often wore Sardonyx amulets into battle, believing the stone would grant them courage and shield them from harm. Its association with stability also made it a popular choice for rings and seals, symbolizing enduring relationships and steadfast character.
Peridot, while known for its modern appeal, also has a deep and storied past. The name "Peridot" is believed to originate from the Arabic word "faridat," which means "gem." This connection highlights its long-standing value in Middle Eastern cultures. Unlike many other gemstones that derive their color from trace elements, Peridot's unique green is the result of iron within its own crystal structure. This distinct origin has contributed to its mystique throughout history. In modern times, Peridot is associated with joy, abundance, and emotional clarity, continuing its legacy as a stone of positive energy and growth.
Spinel's history is particularly fascinating due to its frequent confusion with other gemstones. For centuries, magnificent red spinels were mistaken for rubies, adorning the crowns and jewels of royalty and the wealthy. Some of the world's most famous "rubies," such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are in fact large red spinels. It was only in the late 18th century that spinel was recognized as a distinct mineral species. Spinel was the most recent addition to the list of official August birthstones, officially added by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) in 2016. This addition was made to provide consumers with more options in terms of color, affordability, and availability. Its symbolism is tied to inspiration, energy, and resilience, reflecting its vibrant color and durability.
Geological Formation and Sources
The geological origins of the August birthstones are remarkably diverse, highlighting the incredible processes that create gemstones. Peridot has a particularly unique formation story. Unlike the vast majority of gemstones that crystallize in the Earth's crust, Peridot originates deep within the Earth's mantle. It forms over millions of years under intense heat and pressure, brought to the surface through volcanic activity. The only other gemstone known to form at these same depths is the diamond, making Peridot's origin exceptionally rare and profound. This deep-earth genesis is responsible for its characteristic green hue, which comes from its iron content.
Spinel is a magnesium aluminium oxide (MgAl₂O₄) that forms in the metamorphic rock of the Earth's crust. It is often found in alluvial deposits, where it has been eroded from its original host rock and transported by water. While it is found in various locations around the world, including Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and parts of Africa, the most prized red varieties have historically come from the Mogok region of Myanmar (Burma).
Sardonyx is a variety of chalcedony, which is a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. It is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and is formed in layered nodules. The distinctive banding of Sardonyx occurs when layers of sard (a reddish-brown chalcedony) alternate with layers of onyx (a white or black chalcedony). This formation process takes place at relatively low temperatures and is often associated with volcanic rock formations. Major sources for Sardonyx include India, Brazil, and Germany.
Gemological Properties
The physical and chemical properties of Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx are key to understanding their value, durability, and appropriate use in jewelry. While they are all suitable for the August born, their different hardness and characteristics make them suitable for different types of jewelry and require different levels of care.
Peridot is a relatively hard and durable gemstone, rating a 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness. This makes it suitable for most types of jewelry, though care should be taken to protect it from scratches and hard blows. Its chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄, and its distinct green color is due to the presence of iron. It has a refractive index that gives it a bright, vitreous luster.
Spinel is a highly durable gemstone, rating an 8 on the Mohs scale. This superior hardness makes it an excellent choice for all jewelry types, including rings and bracelets that are subject to daily wear. Its chemical composition is MgAl₂O₄. Spinel's brilliance and fire are comparable to that of ruby and sapphire, and it lacks the pleochroism often seen in those stones, meaning its color appears consistent from different angles.
Sardonyx, being a variety of quartz, rates a 7 on the Mohs scale. This provides good durability for jewelry use. However, it can be susceptible to chipping if struck with force due to its conchoidal fracture. Its composition is silicon dioxide (SiO₂). The visual appeal of Sardonyx lies not in its brilliance but in the sharp contrast of its parallel bands, which are often cut into cameos or intaglios to highlight the patterns.
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness | Chemical Formula | Primary Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | 6.5 - 7 | (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ | Green (lime to olive) |
| Spinel | 8 | MgAl₂O₄ | Red, Pink, Blue, Black, etc. |
| Sardonyx | 7 | SiO₂ | Banded Red, Brown, White |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their physical beauty, the August birthstones are rich in symbolism and are believed by many to possess metaphysical properties. These meanings add a deeper layer of significance for those who wear them.
Peridot is strongly associated with positive emotions and prosperity. It is often called the "stone of the sun" because of its bright, uplifting energy. Metaphysically, Peridot is linked to the Heart Chakra, the energy center associated with love, compassion, and emotional healing. It is believed to help release negative patterns, open the heart to new love, and foster a sense of joy and abundance. For those born in August, it serves as a powerful tool for boosting mood, confidence, and personal growth.
Spinel is a stone of renewal and revitalization. Its vibrant energy is thought to inspire hope, courage, and a fresh perspective. It is often used to combat fatigue and restore energy, both physically and spiritually. Spinel is also believed to be a grounding stone that helps one overcome challenges and persevere through difficult times. Its wide range of colors allows individuals to connect with different energetic properties, from the passionate energy of red spinel to the calming influence of blue spinel.
Sardonyx is a stone of strength, stability, and protection. Its earthy, grounded energy is believed to provide a sense of security and courage. Throughout history, it was worn as a protective talisman, and today it is still used by those seeking to enhance their personal power and build stable, lasting relationships. Sardonyx is also associated with discipline and self-control, making it a meaningful stone for anyone working to achieve long-term goals. Its vintage aesthetic and ancient roots appeal to those who value tradition and meaningful symbolism in their jewelry.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of any gemstone. Due to their different levels of hardness and structural properties, the August birthstones require slightly different approaches to cleaning and storage.
Peridot (Mohs 6.5-7): Peridot is durable enough for everyday wear but should be handled with care. To clean Peridot, use warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It is important to avoid harsh chemicals, especially acids, which can etch or damage the surface of the stone. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are generally not recommended, as the vibrations or sudden temperature changes could potentially cause damage, especially if the stone has any fractures.
Spinel (Mohs 8): As a very hard and durable gemstone, Spinel is relatively easy to care for. It can be safely cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Spinel is also generally safe for use in ultrasonic cleaners, though it is always wise to be cautious. Steam cleaning is also typically acceptable. Its durability makes it an excellent choice for jewelry that is worn frequently.
Sardonyx (Mohs 7): While Sardonyx has good hardness, its banded structure and potential for chipping mean it requires gentle handling. The best cleaning method is warm, soapy water with a soft cloth or brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, as the vibrations could potentially loosen the stone or exacerbate any existing fractures. Steam cleaning is also not recommended. Store Sardonyx jewelry separately to prevent it from being scratched by harder stones or scratching softer ones.
Conclusion
The birthstones of August—Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx—offer a remarkable diversity that sets them apart. From the deep-earth origins and joyful green of Peridot to the resilient brilliance and varied colors of Spinel, and the ancient, protective banding of Sardonyx, each gem provides a unique narrative. The historical expansion of the official list to include these three stones gives August-born individuals a rare opportunity to choose a gem that not only matches their aesthetic preferences but also resonates with their personal journey and aspirations. Whether one is drawn to the summer energy of Peridot, the royal history of Spinel, or the grounded strength of Sardonyx, these gems collectively represent a rich tapestry of geological wonder, historical significance, and personal symbolism.