In the diverse spectrum of gemstones designated as birthstones, few possess the singular, consistent color profile of peridot. For those born on August 28th, this gemstone serves as the primary marker of their birth month, offering a distinct olive to lime green hue that has captivated civilizations for millennia. Unlike many gemstones that occur in a variety of colors, peridot is defined by its green coloration, a result of its unique geological formation. As the birthstone for August 28th, peridot is not merely a decorative accessory but a stone steeped in ancient lore, geological fascination, and symbolic meaning.
The significance of peridot extends beyond its visual appeal. It is a gemstone that has been associated with peace, good fortune, and happiness throughout history. From the volcanic sands of ancient Egypt to the treasuries of medieval Europe, peridot has maintained a steady presence in the human narrative. This article explores the multifaceted nature of the August 28th birthstone, delving into its historical journey, the geological forces that create it, its specific gemological properties, and the metaphysical beliefs that continue to surround it. By examining these aspects, we gain a deeper appreciation for why peridot remains a cherished gem for those born in late August.
History and Lore
The history of peridot is as vibrant as its green color, tracing back to the earliest civilizations that prized colored stones. The gemstone’s name is widely believed to derive from the Arabic word "faridat," meaning "gem," a testament to the high esteem in which it was held in early Islamic and Middle Eastern cultures. This etymological root underscores the stone's long-standing status as a prized possession.
One of the most significant historical sources of peridot is ancient Egypt. Located on the volcanic island of Zabargad (also known as St. John’s Island) in the Red Sea, these mines were the primary source of peridot for the ancient world. The Egyptians referred to peridot as the "gem of the sun," believing it possessed protective powers against the terrors of the night. It was a favored stone of the Pharaohs, often set in gold to enhance its purported ability to ward off nightmares and evil spirits. The allure of these ancient mines was so great that they were rediscovered and exploited multiple times throughout history, supplying the gemstones found in many medieval church treasures.
During the Middle Ages, peridot experienced a surge in popularity, particularly within the Christian church. However, a fascinating aspect of this period is the frequent confusion between peridot and other green gemstones, most notably emerald. Many historical "emeralds" set in medieval cathedral reliquaries and ecclesiastical jewelry have been identified by modern gemologists as peridots. The Crown of Saint Edward, for example, features a large stone that was long thought to be an emerald but is now known to be peridot. This misidentification persisted for centuries, highlighting the stone's deceptive beauty and its ability to command the same reverence as the more famous emerald.
Beyond its use in royal and religious contexts, peridot was also woven into the folklore of various cultures. In Hawaiian tradition, peridot crystals are considered to be the tears of the volcano goddess Pele, formed within the molten lava of active volcanoes. This myth connects the stone directly to the volcanic origins of the gemstone, a geological reality that will be explored further. The association with volcanic ash reinforces the belief that peridot is a stone of intense, transformative energy, born from the very heart of the earth.
The journey of peridot from an ancient talisman to a modern birthstone is a testament to its enduring appeal. While it was historically prized for its protective qualities, today it is celebrated for its unique color and relative accessibility. Its designation as the birthstone for August ensures that it remains a prominent figure in the world of jewelry, carrying forward a legacy that spans thousands of years of human history.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot possesses a unique geological origin story that distinguishes it from many other gemstones. It is a variety of the mineral olivine, a common silicate mineral found in the earth's mantle. While olivine is abundant in the earth's interior, gem-quality peridot is rarer and is typically brought to the surface through geological processes involving volcanic activity.
The formation of peridot occurs deep within the earth's mantle under extreme heat and pressure. Here, olivine crystallizes from molten rock (magma). The primary way this material reaches the surface is through volcanic eruptions. Peridot can be found in igneous rocks, particularly basalts, and in peridotite xenoliths—fragments of the mantle brought up by magma. This volcanic connection is why peridot is sometimes found in volcanic ash, giving rise to the Hawaiian legend of Pele’s tears. The gemstone can also be found in metamorphic rocks, though the volcanic sources are the most commercially significant.
Historically, the most important source of peridot was the ancient mines on the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea. These mines, which were likely worked as far back as the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt, produced the peridot that adorned the treasures of the ancient world. The island's harsh environment made mining difficult, but the quality of the gems recovered was exceptional. For centuries, Zabargad was the undisputed source of fine peridot.
In the modern era, the sources of peridot have diversified significantly. While Zabargad still yields some production, the majority of peridot on the market today comes from other locations. The United States, specifically Arizona and New Mexico, has become a major producer of peridot. The San Carlos Apache Reservation in Arizona is renowned for its peridot mines, which yield stones with a distinctive yellowish-green hue. Other significant sources include Pakistan, where high-quality peridot is mined in the Kashmir region; Myanmar (Burma); and China. Australia, Brazil, Kenya, Mexico, Norway, and South Africa also contribute to the global supply, though in smaller quantities.
The geological formation in these diverse locations varies. In the United States, peridot is often found in basaltic lava flows, a direct result of volcanic activity. In Pakistan and Myanmar, peridot is frequently found in high-altitude deposits, sometimes associated with metamorphic rocks. The variety of geological environments contributes to the range of colors and qualities found in peridot from different parts of the world. This global distribution ensures that peridot remains available to gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry buyers, maintaining its status as an accessible yet distinct birthstone.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is defined by a specific set of gemological properties that make it unique among colored gemstones. Its most distinguishing feature is its color, but its chemical composition, hardness, and other physical characteristics also play a crucial role in its identity and use in jewelry.
Color: The defining characteristic of peridot is its color. It is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color: green. The shade of green can vary, ranging from a light, yellowish-green (often described as lime green) to a deeper, more intense olive green. The specific hue is determined by the amount of iron present in its chemical structure. Unlike many other gemstones, the color in peridot is not caused by trace impurities but is an intrinsic part of its chemical makeup. This consistency in color makes it easily identifiable.
Chemical Composition: Peridot is the gemstone variety of the mineral olivine. Its chemical formula is (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, which indicates that it is a magnesium iron silicate. The ratio of magnesium to iron determines the exact shade of green; a higher iron content generally results in a darker, more olive-colored stone.
Hardness and Durability: On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, peridot ranks between 6.5 and 7. While this makes it a reasonably durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear in jewelry such as rings and pendants, it is softer than sapphire or ruby (which rank at 9) or diamond (which ranks at 10). Consequently, peridot can be susceptible to scratching if not handled with care. It also possesses poor cleavage, meaning it can fracture along certain planes if struck with sufficient force. This property requires care during the cutting and setting processes to prevent damage.
Luster and Refractive Index: Peridot exhibits a vitreous (glass-like) luster when cut and polished. Its refractive index, a measure of how much it bends light, ranges from approximately 1.65 to 1.69. This gives the stone a pleasing brilliance, especially when cut well.
Other Properties: Peridot is not typically treated or enhanced, which is a significant advantage for consumers seeking natural gemstones. The color is stable and does not fade with exposure to light or heat. However, the stone can be sensitive to rapid temperature changes, which can cause fracturing. This sensitivity is a consideration for both jewelers setting the stone and owners wearing it in environments with extreme temperature fluctuations.
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of peridot:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ |
| Color | Green (yellowish-green to olive green) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Refractive Index | 1.65 - 1.69 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Treatments | Generally none |
These properties collectively define peridot as a gemstone of distinct character. Its singular color, coupled with its durability and natural origin, makes it a highly desirable choice for jewelry, particularly for those born on August 28th.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical powers, and peridot is no exception. Its vibrant green color, reminiscent of new growth and vitality, has naturally associated it with themes of renewal, prosperity, and protection. These beliefs have evolved over centuries, from ancient talismans to modern crystals used in alternative healing practices.
The primary symbolism associated with peridot is renewal and rebirth. Its green hue is a visual representation of nature’s life force, spring, and growth. In ancient times, this connection made peridot a powerful amulet for new beginnings. It was believed to help individuals shed past burdens and embrace fresh starts with optimism and strength. This symbolism is particularly relevant for a birthstone, as it represents the beginning of a new life.
Prosperity and good fortune are also strongly linked to peridot. In many cultures, it was considered a stone of abundance, capable of attracting wealth and success to the wearer. Its association with the sun in ancient Egypt (the "gem of the sun") connected it to light and positivity, reinforcing the idea that it could dispel darkness and bring about favorable outcomes. This belief in its power to bring good fortune has made it a popular gift, not only for birthdays but also for other milestones and celebrations.
Protection is another cornerstone of peridot’s metaphysical lore. The ancient Egyptians believed that setting peridot in gold would protect the wearer from nightmares and evil spirits. This protective quality extended beyond the spiritual realm; some traditions held that peridot could protect against physical harm and illness. In modern crystal healing, peridot is often used to cleanse and purify the body and aura, believed to release negative patterns and emotional toxins. It is thought to be particularly effective at soothing anger and jealousy, promoting emotional balance and inner peace.
For those born on August 28th, the specific attributes of peridot are thought to be especially potent. As a Virgo (the zodiac sign for those born after August 22nd, as noted in some sources), the stone’s qualities of clarity, renewal, and organization resonate with the Virgoan traits of perfectionism and strong social instincts. Peridot is believed to enhance these qualities, helping Virgos to channel their analytical skills into positive growth and planning.
While these metaphysical beliefs are not scientifically verified, they form an integral part of the cultural tapestry surrounding peridot. For many enthusiasts and wearers, the symbolism adds a layer of depth and personal meaning to the gemstone, transforming it from a mere object of beauty into a tool for personal intention and well-being.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of peridot jewelry. While peridot is durable enough for everyday wear, its specific physical properties—particularly its hardness and potential for sensitivity—require attention to cleaning and storage methods.
As peridot ranks between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale, it is softer than many other popular gemstones. This means it is susceptible to scratching from harder materials, including dust, which can contain particles of quartz or other minerals. To prevent surface abrasions, it is advisable to store peridot jewelry separately from other jewelry pieces, ideally in a soft cloth pouch or a lined jewelry box compartment.
Cleaning peridot is relatively straightforward, but certain methods should be avoided. The safest way to clean peridot is with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, such as a toothbrush with gentle bristles. Gently scrub the stone and its setting to remove any accumulated oils, dirt, or residue. After cleaning, rinse the jewelry thoroughly with clean water to ensure no soap film remains, which can dull the stone's luster.
Ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners should be strictly avoided for peridot. The vibrations from an ultrasonic cleaner can exploit any unseen fractures within the stone, causing it to chip or break. Similarly, the high heat and pressure from a steam cleaner can cause thermal shock, leading to damage. It is also prudent to avoid sudden temperature changes; for instance, removing a peridot ring before washing hands with very hot water or before cooking is a good practice.
Chemicals are another hazard for peridot. Exposure to harsh chemicals, including household cleaners, cosmetics, and even acids, can damage the stone’s surface or alter its color. It is recommended to put on peridot jewelry after applying lotions and perfumes and to remove it before swimming in chlorinated pools or engaging in activities where it might come into contact with corrosive substances.
By following these simple care guidelines, the August 28th birthstone can retain its vibrant green radiance and structural integrity for generations. Regular, gentle cleaning and mindful storage are the keys to preserving this beautiful and meaningful gemstone.
Conclusion
Peridot stands out as a gemstone of remarkable consistency and rich history, making it a fitting and distinctive birthstone for those born on August 28th. Its unique characteristic of occurring in a single color family—from light lime to deep olive green—sets it apart in the mineral kingdom. This singular beauty is a direct result of its chemical composition as a variety of olivine, a mineral born from the intense geological forces within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity.
The journey of peridot through human history is as compelling as its geological origins. From its revered status in ancient Egypt as the "gem of the sun" to its frequent misidentification as emerald in medieval ecclesiastical treasures, peridot has consistently been prized for its protective qualities and vibrant hue. Its lore is rich with symbolism, representing renewal, prosperity, and protection against negativity. For the individual born on August 28th, these attributes offer a powerful connection to a stone that symbolizes new beginnings and positive energy.
While its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale requires a degree of care, peridot remains a durable and accessible gem for fine jewelry. Its lack of common treatments further enhances its value and appeal for those seeking natural, untreated gemstones. By understanding its properties and respecting its needs, owners can ensure their peridot remains a brilliant and cherished heirloom. Ultimately, the August 28th birthstone is more than just a piece of jewelry; it is a legacy of geological wonder and human belief, encapsulated in a stone of pure, radiant green.